Argentina: Facts & Stats

Demographics

Population:

40 million inhabitants (2008) Density: Argentina has 31 urban areas with over 100,000 inhabitants.

The five largest are:

1. Buenos Aires 12,789,000
2. Córdoba 1,372,000
3. Santa Fe 1,242,000
4. Mendoza 885,000
5. Tucumán 789,000

Welfare:

Argentina’s social welfare services were developed on a large scale during the first presidency (1946–55) of Juan Perón. A social security system was set up to provide extensive benefits for all workers. Housing, however, has become a problem in cities because of the movement of workers from rural areas, especially during periods of economic difficulty.

These workers have congregated on the outskirts of urban zones and more recently on vacant land in the inner cities and assembled dwellings from corrugated iron and scraps of wood, cardboard, and other scavenged materials. The resulting shantytown communities, called villas miserias, lack amenities such as public utilities and paved roads.

Education:

After independence, Argentina constructed a national public education system in comparison to other nations, placing the country high up in the global rankings of literacy. Today the country has a literacy rate of 97%, and three in eight adults over age 20 have completed secondary school studies or higher.

School attendance is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 17. The Argentine school system consists of a primary or lower school level lasting six or seven years, and a secondary or high school level lasting between five to six years. In the 1990s, the system was split into different types of high school instruction, called Educacion Secundaria and the Polimodal. Some provinces adopted the Polimodal while others did not.

A project in the executive branch to repeal this measure and return to a more traditional secondary level system was approved in 2006. President Domingo Faustino Sarmiento is overwhelmingly credited in pushing and implementing a free, modern education system in Argentina. The 1918 University reform shaped the current tripartite representation of most public universities.

Education is funded by tax payers at all levels except for the majority of graduate studies. There are many private school institutions in the primary, secondary and university levels. Around 11.4 million people were enrolled in formal education of some kind in 2005.

Religion:

Argentines are predominantly Roman Catholic. Historically, around 90% have indentified themselves as Roman Catholic according to different surveys. The CIA Factbook says 92% identify themselves as Catholic, but only 20% attend services regularly. The official church source, Annuario Pontificio, says 89%. Pentecostal churches and traditional Protestant denominations are present in most communities. Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), claiming over 330,000 (the seventh-largest congregation in the world), are also present.

The country is home to the largest Jewish population in Latin America; although it has been decreasing since 1960s, the community still numbers around 230,000. The Argentine Jewish population was possibly the third-largest (after those in the United States and the USSR) following World War II, when it numbered over 400,000; since then, the appeal of Israel and economic and cultural pressures at home have led many to leave, though instability in Israel has resulted in a modest reversal of the trend since 2003.

Islam in Argentina constitutes approximately 1.5% of the population, or an estimated 500,000-600,000 (93% Sunni). Buenos Aires is home to one of the largest mosques in Latin America.

A recent national study found that approximately 11% of Argentines are non-religious; this includes those who believe in God, though not religion, agnostics (4%) and atheists (5%). Among the respondents, only 24% attended religious services regularly, and only Protestants attended services in the majority of cases.

According to the Constitution, the Argentine government should support Roman Catholicism and, though the President and Vice President were historically required to be of this faith (until 1994), no other government official need have been; indeed, since 1945, numerous Jews have held prominent posts. Catholic policy, however, remains influential in government and still helps shape or defeat a variety of legislation.

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